/* Faisal Insight — design system (loop 1) */
:root{--bg:#08090c;--bg2:#0e1015;--card:#111318;--elev:#16191f;--fg:#eef0f4;--fg2:#c4c8d2;--mut:#8b91a0;--line:#1f232b;--line2:#2a2f39;--a:#6e8bff;--a2:#9b7bff;--ok:#4ade80;
--r:14px;--r-lg:20px;--sh:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.04) inset,0 10px 30px -12px rgba(0,0,0,.6);--font:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;--mono:"JetBrains Mono",ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;font:16px/1.65 var(--font);background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
a{color:var(--a);text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:#9fb2ff}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--a);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:6px}
.wrap{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 28px}.narrow{max-width:740px}.muted{color:var(--mut)}
h1,h2,h3,h4{letter-spacing:-.022em;color:var(--fg)}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:8px;background:var(--a);color:#fff;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:8px;z-index:50}.skip:focus{left:12px}
/* nav */
.nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:rgba(8,9,12,.72);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(14px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.navin{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:64px;gap:16px}
.logo{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;font-weight:700;color:var(--fg);font-size:16px;letter-spacing:-.01em}.logo:hover{color:var(--fg)}
.mark{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--a),var(--a2));color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;flex:none;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.12) inset}
.mark.big{width:56px;height:56px;font-size:19px;border-radius:14px}
nav{display:flex;gap:4px;align-items:center}nav a{color:var(--fg2);font-size:14px;font-weight:500;padding:7px 12px;border-radius:8px;transition:color .15s,background .15s}
nav a:hover{color:var(--fg);background:var(--elev)}nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--fg);background:var(--elev)}
.navr{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}
.burger{display:none;background:none;border:1px solid var(--line2);color:var(--fg);width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:10px;cursor:pointer;place-items:center}
/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:10px;background:var(--fg);color:#0a0b0e!important;font-weight:600;border:0;cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;line-height:1;transition:transform .15s,background .15s,box-shadow .15s}
.btn:hover{background:#fff;transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 8px 24px -10px rgba(255,255,255,.35)}
.btn.sm{padding:8px 13px;font-size:13px}.btn.ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--fg)!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--line2) inset}.btn.ghost:hover{background:var(--elev);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #3a404c inset}
/* hero */
.hero{position:relative;padding:104px 0 72px;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.hero:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(600px 300px at 20% -10%,rgba(110,139,255,.22),transparent 70%),radial-gradient(500px 300px at 85% 10%,rgba(155,123,255,.14),transparent 70%);pointer-events:none}
.hero:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background-image:linear-gradient(var(--line) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,var(--line) 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:56px 56px;mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0,#000 20%,transparent 70%);-webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0,#000 20%,transparent 70%);opacity:.5;pointer-events:none}
.heroin{position:relative;z-index:1}.heroin>*{max-width:820px}
.eyebrow{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:var(--fg2);font-weight:500;font-size:13px;padding:5px 12px 5px 6px;border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.02);margin:0 0 22px}
.eyebrow .dot{width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--a),var(--a2));display:inline-grid;place-items:center;font-size:9px;font-weight:700;color:#fff}
.eyebrow.plain{padding:5px 12px}
h1{font-size:clamp(36px,6vw,64px);line-height:1.04;margin:0 0 20px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.grad{background:linear-gradient(120deg,#fff 10%,#b9c6ff 50%,var(--a2));-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;color:transparent}
.lead{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--mut);max-width:640px;margin:0}
.ctas{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:32px}
.stats{display:flex;gap:28px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:44px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--mut);font-size:14px}.stats b{display:block;color:var(--fg);font-size:15px;font-weight:600}
/* sections */
.section{padding:72px 0 0}.sec{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--mut);margin:0}
.sechead{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin-bottom:24px}
.sechead h2.title{font-size:28px;margin:6px 0 0;font-weight:650}
.filters{display:flex;gap:4px;padding:4px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--bg2)}
.f{background:none;color:var(--mut);border:0;padding:7px 14px;border-radius:8px;cursor:pointer;font:500 13px var(--font);transition:color .15s,background .15s}.f:hover{color:var(--fg)}.f.on{background:var(--elev);color:var(--fg);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--line2) inset}
/* cards */
.grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px}
.card{position:relative;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1),border-color .25s,box-shadow .25s}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:var(--line2);box-shadow:var(--sh)}
.cover{position:relative;display:block;aspect-ratio:16/8;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.cover svg{width:100%;height:100%;display:block;transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1)}.card:hover .cover svg{transform:scale(1.04)}
.cbody{padding:22px 22px 24px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1}
.card h3{margin:10px 0 8px;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:650}.card h3 a{color:var(--fg)}.card h3 a:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}
.card p{color:var(--mut);margin:0 0 16px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.6}
.card .more{margin-top:auto;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--fg2)}.card:hover .more{color:var(--fg)}
.card.feat{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;margin-top:24px}.card.feat .cover{aspect-ratio:auto;min-height:340px;border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}
.card.feat .cbody{padding:40px;justify-content:center}.card.feat h3{font-size:30px;line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.025em}.card.feat p{font-size:16px}
.meta{font-size:13px;color:var(--mut);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}.meta .sep{opacity:.5}
.pill{position:relative;z-index:2;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:999px;font-weight:600;font-size:12px;border:1px solid transparent}
.pill.technology{background:rgba(110,139,255,.12);color:#a9b9ff;border-color:rgba(110,139,255,.25)}.pill.management{background:rgba(155,123,255,.12);color:#c8b6ff;border-color:rgba(155,123,255,.25)}
.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}.tag{font-size:12px;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:6px;background:var(--bg2);color:var(--mut);border:1px solid var(--line)}
/* cta band */
.cta{margin-top:96px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:radial-gradient(600px 200px at 50% 0,rgba(110,139,255,.12),transparent),var(--bg2);padding:64px 0;text-align:center}
.cta h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:650}.cta p{color:var(--mut);margin:0 auto 26px;max-width:560px}.cta .ctas{justify-content:center;margin-top:0}
/* footer */
.foot{padding:56px 0 28px}.fgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;gap:40px}
.foot h4{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--fg2)}.foot p{font-size:14px;max-width:360px}
.foot a:not(.btn):not(.logo){display:block;color:var(--mut);font-size:14px;margin:7px 0;transition:color .15s}.foot a:not(.btn):not(.logo):hover{color:var(--fg)}
.copy{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;color:var(--mut);font-size:13px;margin-top:44px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:22px}
/* page head */
.phead{padding:88px 0 40px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.phead:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(500px 200px at 20% 0,rgba(110,139,255,.16),transparent 70%);pointer-events:none}.phead .wrap{position:relative}
.phead h1{font-size:clamp(34px,5vw,52px)}
/* post */
.posthead{padding:64px 0 8px}.back{display:inline-flex;gap:6px;font-size:14px;color:var(--mut);margin-bottom:28px}.back:hover{color:var(--fg)}
.post h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.6vw,48px);line-height:1.1;margin:16px 0 18px}
.byline{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:32px 0 8px;font-size:14px}.byline b{font-weight:600}
.prose{font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.78;color:var(--fg2)}.prose>*:first-child{margin-top:28px}
.prose p,.prose ul,.prose ol{margin:0 0 1.25em}.prose strong{color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}
.prose h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.25;margin:2em 0 .6em;font-weight:650;scroll-margin-top:88px}.prose h3{font-size:20px;margin:1.7em 0 .5em;font-weight:600;scroll-margin-top:88px}
.prose li{margin:.35em 0}.prose li::marker{color:var(--mut)}
.prose a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(110,139,255,.4);text-underline-offset:3px}.prose a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--a)}
.prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--a);margin:1.8em 0;padding:.2em 0 .2em 1.3em;color:var(--fg);font-size:1.05em}
.prose code{background:var(--elev);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:1px 6px;border-radius:6px;font-size:.84em;font-family:var(--mono);color:#e5e8ff}
.prose .highlight{position:relative;border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line2);margin:1.8em 0;background:#0c0e13!important}
.prose .highlight pre{margin:0;padding:20px 22px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.7;overflow:auto;background:transparent!important}.prose .highlight code{background:none;border:0;padding:0;color:inherit}
.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;font-size:15px;display:block;overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:var(--r);margin:1.8em 0}
.prose th,.prose td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.prose tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.prose th{background:var(--elev);color:var(--fg);font-weight:600;font-size:14px}
.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:2.5em 0}
.posttags{margin-top:40px}
.authorbox{display:flex;gap:18px;margin:40px 0 0;padding:28px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg)}.authorbox p{margin:.4em 0 .9em;color:var(--mut);font-size:15px}
.ccard{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:40px;margin-top:48px}.ccard h2{margin-top:0}
.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:2px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--a),var(--a2));z-index:40;width:100%;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:0 50%}
@media(max-width:980px){.grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}
@media(max-width:860px){.card.feat,.fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.card.feat .cover{min-height:200px;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.card.feat .cbody{padding:24px}.card.feat h3{font-size:24px}
.burger{display:inline-grid}nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:64px;left:0;right:0;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;background:var(--bg2);padding:12px 16px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);gap:2px}nav a{padding:12px;font-size:16px}body.open nav{display:flex}
.hero{padding:64px 0 48px}.lead{font-size:17px}.grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.wrap{padding:0 20px}.prose{font-size:17px}.section{padding-top:56px}}
.card[hidden]{display:none}@media(max-width:860px){.hide-sm{display:none}}
#posts .grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}#posts .card .cover{aspect-ratio:16/6}@media(max-width:860px){#posts .grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
/* ===== loop 2: light theme, reading components ===== */
[data-theme=light]{--bg:#fbfbfc;--bg2:#f4f5f7;--card:#fff;--elev:#eef0f3;--fg:#0d0f14;--fg2:#30343d;--mut:#5d6370;--line:#e6e8ec;--line2:#d7dae0;--a:#3d5cf5;--a2:#7a4cf0;--sh:0 1px 2px rgba(16,24,40,.05),0 12px 32px -14px rgba(16,24,40,.18)}
[data-theme=light] .nav{background:rgba(251,251,252,.78)}[data-theme=light] .btn{background:#0d0f14;color:#fff!important}[data-theme=light] .btn:hover{background:#262a33;box-shadow:0 8px 24px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}
[data-theme=light] .btn.ghost{background:#fff;color:var(--fg)!important}[data-theme=light] .grad{background-image:linear-gradient(120deg,#0d0f14 5%,var(--a) 55%,var(--a2))}
[data-theme=light] .pill.technology{color:#2f4ad6}[data-theme=light] .pill.management{color:#6a3bd8}[data-theme=light] a:hover{color:#2337b8}
[data-theme=light] .prose code{color:#2a2f80}[data-theme=light] .hero:after{opacity:.7}
.i-sun{display:none}[data-theme=light] .i-sun{display:block}[data-theme=light] .i-moon{display:none}
.icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:6px;height:36px;min-width:36px;padding:0 9px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--line2);background:transparent;color:var(--fg2);cursor:pointer;font:500 12px var(--font);transition:color .15s,background .15s,border-color .15s}
.icon:hover{color:var(--fg);background:var(--elev)}kbd{font:11px var(--mono);border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:4px;padding:0 5px;color:var(--mut)}
/* post layout */
.postwrap{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,740px) 220px;gap:72px;justify-content:center}
.toc{position:sticky;top:96px;align-self:start;padding-top:180px;font-size:13.5px}
.toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:12px 0 18px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.toc li a{display:block;padding:5px 0 5px 14px;margin-left:-1px;border-left:1px solid transparent;color:var(--mut);line-height:1.4;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s}
.toc li a:hover{color:var(--fg)}.toc li a.on{color:var(--fg);border-left-color:var(--a)}.totop{font-size:13px;color:var(--mut)}
.toc-m{display:none;margin:20px 0 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--card);padding:12px 16px;font-size:15px}.toc-m summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.toc-m ol{margin:10px 0 4px;padding-left:20px}.toc-m a{color:var(--fg2)}
.byline{flex-wrap:wrap}.share{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:13px;color:var(--mut)}.share span{margin-right:4px}
.endshare{margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.endshare .share{margin-left:0}
.authorbox .aname{font-size:19px}.authorbox .sec{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:2px}.authorbox .ctas{margin-top:0}
.copybtn{position:absolute;top:10px;right:10px;opacity:0;height:28px;padding:0 10px;border-radius:7px;border:1px solid #2a2f39;background:#16191f;color:#c4c8d2;font:500 12px var(--font);cursor:pointer;transition:opacity .15s}
.highlight:hover .copybtn,.copybtn:focus-visible{opacity:1}.copybtn.done{color:var(--ok)}
.toast{position:fixed;bottom:24px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,20px);opacity:0;background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg);padding:10px 16px;border-radius:10px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;transition:.2s;z-index:60;pointer-events:none}.toast.on{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,0)}
/* search */
.search{width:min(640px,92vw);margin:12vh auto auto;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:16px;background:var(--card);color:var(--fg);box-shadow:0 30px 80px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
.search::backdrop{background:rgba(5,6,9,.6);backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}
.sbox{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--mut)}.sbox input{flex:1;background:none;border:0;outline:0;color:var(--fg);font:16px var(--font)}
.esc{font:11px var(--mono);border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:5px;background:none;color:var(--mut);padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer}
.results{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:8px;max-height:56vh;overflow:auto}.results a{display:block;padding:10px 12px;border-radius:10px;color:var(--fg)}.results a:hover,.results a.on{background:var(--elev)}
.results small{display:block;color:var(--mut);font-size:13px}.results .none{padding:18px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center}
@media(max-width:1100px){.postwrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,740px)}.toc{display:none}.toc-m{display:block}}
@media(max-width:860px){.share{margin-left:0;width:100%}.srch-open kbd{display:none}}
/* ===== loop 3: polish, a11y, motion ===== */
.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(12px);transition:opacity .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1),transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1)}.reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none}
.btn:active,.icon:active,.f:active{transform:scale(.97)}
.theme svg{transition:transform .4s}.theme:hover svg{transform:rotate(25deg)}
::selection{background:rgba(110,139,255,.35)}
.card .more{transition:color .15s,letter-spacing .2s}.card:hover .more{letter-spacing:.01em}
body.open{overflow:hidden}@media(min-width:861px){body.open{overflow:auto}}
@media(max-width:860px){nav{box-shadow:0 20px 40px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.eyebrow{font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;border-radius:14px}.stats{gap:18px}.card.feat .cbody{padding:22px}.sechead h2.title{font-size:24px}.cta{margin-top:72px;padding:48px 0}.post h1{font-size:32px}.authorbox{flex-direction:column}.icon{height:40px;min-width:40px}.f{padding:9px 14px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}}
@media print{.nav,.foot,.cta,.toc,.toc-m,.share,.progress,.copybtn,.section{display:none!important}body{background:#fff;color:#000}.prose{color:#000}}
.foot .fh{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--fg2)}
.prose .highlight .c,.prose .highlight .c1,.prose .highlight .cm,.prose .highlight .cs,.prose .highlight .ch{color:#a8a48f!important}
.prose .highlight pre,[data-theme=light] .prose .highlight code{color:#f8f8f2}